Brahman
Reality-Knowledge-Infinity

• Not that Brahman exists, Brahman is existence
• Not that Brahman has knowledge, Brahman is knowledge
• Not that Brahman is happy, Brahman is bliss

Reality is:

• Omnipresent (no place in space)
• Eternal (no time limit)
• Non-dual (oneness, not two)

Entities have existence 'is-ness':
All things are in existence including space. A wave in water is still water. All is in existence and appears as having properties in space.

Knowledge is:

• Changing
• fleeting
• limited in time

Consciousness is:

• Not limited in time
• Non-dual
• Existence absolute
• Knowledge absolute
• Bliss absolute

Karma
Action (including thoughts) and the results of action. Results in cycles of birth and death (Sanskrit: Samsara).

Maya ("magic" or "illusion")
The powerful force that creates the cosmic illusion that the phenomenal world is real.

Tat tvam asi
"that thou art"

In Hinduism, the famous expression of the relationship between the individual and the Absolute. The statement is frequently repeated in the sixth chapter of the Chandogya Upanishad (c. 600 bce) as the teacher Uddalaka Aruni instructs his son in the nature of brahman, the supreme reality. he identity expressed in this judgment was variously interpreted by the different darshans (schools) of the orthodox philosophy of Vedanta. The phrase was given its most literal interpretation by the 8th-9th century thinker Shankara of the Advaita (Nondualist) school, for whom the statement was one of the great assertions fundamental to his doctrine.

The Upanishads - Overview
The Upanishads are part of Vedanta or the last part of the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism created between 1500-1000 BCE.

Of the 108 Upanishads that have been preserved 12 are considered the principle Upanishads. The Upanishads most of all are the record of what the sages and seers perceived in thought and visions and are not an organized systems of philosophy. They have elucidated the most important questions of human existence:

• Purpose of Life
• Nature of Brahman (God)
• The Origin of the Universe
• Karma
• Rebirth
• Maya
• Afterlife
• Immortality

Yoga = the union of body, mind, soul, and spirit

1. Bhakti Yoga
   Bhakti is the yoga of devotion, ultimately to the Divine, but it can initially be a guru, your family, a friend, or anything that creates strong emotional ties.
2. Karma Yoga
   Karma means "action," and Karma Yoga is performing action without attachment to the outcome. It is the path of selfless service (Seva). You cease to identify with the ego and all action is seen as an offering to the Divine.
3. Gyana (Jnana) Yoga
   Gyana Yoga is the path of knowledge or, more correctly, wisdom. It is the means to Enlightenment through the process of reason - particularly the process of discrimination between what is real and what is not real, what is true and untrue through study and self-inquiry.
4. Raja Yoga
   Raja Yoga means the "Royal Path." Just as a king maintains control over his kingdom, you must maintain control over your own "kingdom" - the vast territory of your mind.

Kleshas 5 Causes of Human Suffering

• Not Knowing the True Nature of Reality
• Identification with a False Sense of Self (ego)
• Attachment to Objects of Desire
• Aversion or Avoidance of Things You Don't Want
• Fear of Death

All five are contained in the first one.

Namarupa
What is Namarupa? - Definition from Yogapedia

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